烟草：戒烟对健康的益处

健康状况将发生的有益变化：

• 戒烟后20分钟内，心率和血压便会下降。
• 12小时后，血液中的一氧化碳浓度便会降至正常水平。
• 2至12周后，循环系统得到改善，肺功能得到增强。
• 1至9个月后，咳嗽和气短症状会有减轻。
• 1年后，患冠心病的风险大约是吸烟者的一半。
• 5 年后，即戒烟5至15年后，中风的风险会降低到非吸烟者的水平。
• 10年后，患肺癌的风险会降低到吸烟者的一半左右，患口腔癌、咽喉癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌和胰腺癌的风险也会有所降低。
• 15年后，患冠心病的风险与非吸烟者相当。

与那些继续吸烟者相比，好处是：

• 30岁左右时：增加近10年的预期寿命。
• 40岁左右时：增加9年的预期寿命。
• 50岁左右时：增加6年的预期寿命。
• 60岁左右时：增加3年的预期寿命。
• 危及生命的疾病发病后：快速受益，在心脏病发作后戒烟的人，再次发生心脏病发作的几率可降低50%。 

戒烟可降低儿童罹患多种二手烟雾相关疾病的过度风险，例如呼吸道疾病（如哮喘）和耳部感染。

戒烟可降低阳萎、难孕、早产、婴儿出生体重偏低或流产的几率。

参考文献

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3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416. 1990.

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5.US Department of Health and Human Services 2004, The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.