Technical guidance and resources for NAP on AMR implementation
This webpage contains the technical guidance and resources available to support the implementation of NAP activities as they align with the 5 objectives stated in the Global action plan (GAP) on antimicrobial resistance.
GAP on AMR objectives:
- Improve awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training
- Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research
- Reduce the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures
- Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human health
- Develop the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and to increase investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions
These resources are intended to support step 5 in the process of implementing national action plans on AMR, as shown in the figure below.
The full process can be viewed in the WHO implementation handbook for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance (accessible for download on the right). An infographic summarizing the process is also available for download.
To support countries in developing their national action plans on AMR, WHO published a guidance document on a People-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance with a core package of 13 interventions for the human health sector, which build on the GAP on AMR objectives.
28 February 2022
WHO implementation handbook for national action plans on antimicrobial resistance: guidance for the human...
In 2015 the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) calling on countries to develop and implement national...
19 October 2023
People-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance in human health: WHO core package of interventions...
This document outlines the concept and content of the WHO people-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the human health sector....
GAP objective 1: Improve awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training
Health worker education
e-Learning resources
Awareness and advocacy
Behaviour change
GAP objective 2: Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research
AMR surveillance
Surveillance of health care-associated infections at national and facility levels
Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP): supplementary protocols
GLASS manual for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in common bacteria causing human infection
Methodological principles of nationally representative surveys as a platform for global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in human bloodstream infections
GLASS Manual for Early Implementation
National AMR surveillance systems and participation in the GLASS: a guide to planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation
National AMR surveillance systems and participation in the GLASS: core components checklist and questionnaire
Burden of disease
Laboratory capacity and diagnostics
GLASS whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance
GLASS guidance for national reference laboratories
Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS). Molecular methods for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) diagnostics to enhance the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
Diagnostic stewardship: a guide to implementation in antimicrobial resistance surveillance sites
AMU surveillance
GLASS manual on the management of antimicrobial consumption data
GLASS methodology for surveillance of national antimicrobial consumption
GLASS guide for national surveillance systems for monitoring antimicrobial consumption in hospitals
WHO Methodology for Point Prevalence Survey on Antibiotic Use in Hospitals
Integrated AMR surveillance
WHO integrated global surveillance on ESBL-producing E. coli using a “One Health” approach: implementation and opportunities
Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria: application of a one health approach: guidance from the WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillanec of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR)
GAP objective 3: Reduce the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures
IPC programmes
Surveillance of health care-associated infections at national and facility levels
Infection prevention and control in-service education and training curriculum
Guidelines for the prevention of bloodstream infections and other infections associated with the use of intravascular catheters: part I: peripheral catheters
Global strategy on infection prevention and control
Environmental cleaning and infection prevention and control in health care facilities in low- and middle-income countries
Standard precautions for the prevention and control of infections: aide-memoire
Transmission-based precautions for the prevention and control of infections: aide-memoire
Strengthening infection prevention and control in primary care
Infection prevention and control guidance for long-term care facilities in the context of COVID-19 update
Minimum requirements for infection prevention and control programmes
Improving infection prevention and control at the health facility: an interim practical manual
Interim practical manual: supporting national implementation of the WHO guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes
Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes at the national and acute health care facility level
Decontamination and reprocessing of medical devices for health-care facilities
IPC assessment
WHO training package on environmental cleaning: evaluation methodology guide
Assessment tool on infection prevention and control minimum requirements for primary health care facilities
Infection prevention and control assessment framework at the facility level
Instructions for the national infection prevention and control assessment tool 2 (IPCAT2)
Pathogen-specific
Implementation manual to prevent and control the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms at the national and health care facility level
Guidelines for the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in health care facilities
Surgical site infection (SSI) prevention
WASH
Guidance on wastewater and solid waste management for manufacturing of antibiotics
Universal water, sanitation, hygiene, waste and electricity services in all health care facilities to achieve quality care
WASH FIT: A practical guide for improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities. Second edition
Understanding barriers to quality of care: An approach for conducting a situational analysis of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and quality in health care facilities
Technical brief on water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and wastewater management to prevent infections and reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
WASH in health care facilities: Practical steps to achieve universal access to quality care
Water and sanitation for health facility improvement tool (WASH FIT)
Immunization
GAP objective 4: Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human health
AMS
Paediatric drug optimization for antibiotics
The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book
The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book - Infographics
WHO policy guidance on integrated antimicrobial stewardship activities
Antimicrobial stewardship programmes in health-care facilities in low-and middle-income countries: a WHO practical toolkit
Antimicrobial selection
Quality of antimicrobials
Policy and regulatory interventions to address antibiotic shortages in low and middle-income countries
The WHO Member State mechanism on substandard and falsified medical products
Guidance for post-market surveillance and market surveillance of medical devices, including in vitro diagnostics
WHO global surveillance and monitoring system for substandard and falsified medical products
GAP objective 5: Develop the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and to increase investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions
Antimicrobials
2023 Antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development: an overview and analysis
WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024: Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance
WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action
2021 Antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development: an overview and analysis
A financial model for an impact investment fund for the development of antibacterial treatments and diagnostics
Target product profiles for needed antibacterial agents: enteric fever, gonorrhea, neonatal sepsis, urinary tract infections and meeting report
Prioritization of pathogens to guide discovery, research and development of new antibiotics for drug-resistant bacterial infections, including tuberculosis
Other useful documents
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